Room Acoustics 101
Early reflections are signals
that have bounced off the walls, ceiling and floors and arrive at our listening
position later in time, mixing with the direct signal. They are called
early or "first" reflections because listening tests have shown that when
multiple reflections are received within 20 milliseconds of the direct
sound, they are perceived as part of the original. This alters the tonal
balance and confuses vocals and dialog.
Sound panels are available
from various acoustical material suppliers and can be obtained in a variety
of fabric and finish options to blend with or complement most interior
schemes. When the budget can't afford them, attractive homemade sound panels
can be constructed easily using compressed fiberglass (Owens-Corning #703)
covered with fabric. For improved low frequency effectiveness, use 2" thick
panels and stand them off the wall a bit, or use thicker material.
Slap echoes are reflections
that bounce back and forth between bare parallel walls. They can be easily
identified by clapping your hands and listening for ringing. You'll find,
as you clap and move from the middle of the room towards one end, that
the slap echo pitch and ring duration will change. This relates to the
different round trip distances the sounds travel as they leave your hands,
head off in different directions, bounce off the front and back walls,
and pass you by.
Some common methods of treating
slap echoes are the "live end, dead end" scheme and the "dead end, live
end" scheme. Both methods involve treating one end of the listening room,
leaving the other end "live" for a natural room ambience.
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