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Microphones In Worship - Part 1
Sound Advice
by Leon Sievers
Sound Professional
March 30, 2009





Nothing can disrupt a worship
service like the annoying squeal of feedback from the sound system. Feedback
is a ringing sound or squeal which occurs when the signal generated by
the microphone is reproduced by a nearby loudspeaker which is then picked
up by the microphone and the re-produced by the loudspeaker and picked
up by the microphone again, etc. This looping process will continue until
the microphone is relocated so that it does not pick up the sound from
the loudspeaker. Feedback can be very specific to frequency and /or location.
There are a variety of outboard processors that minimize feedback problems,
but much can be gained  by the proper selection and application of
microphones in Worship.

For the most part, microphones
can be classified by how they convert sound energy to an electrical signal.
The most common types are condenser and dynamic. In a place of worship,
condenser microphones offer a number of advantages over dynamics. First,
condenser microphones can be made much smaller (and less conspicuous) than
dynamics without sacrificing performance. They also have higher sensitivity
for excellent pickup, even at the distances required by hanging choir mics.
They have lower handling noise than dynamics, and their extended frequency
response provides a crisper, more accurate reproduction of sound. Finally,
condenser mics have superior "transient response" for accurately reproducing
sudden sonic impulses, such as those produced by voice, piano and percussion.
Condenser microphones require a power source for their internal electronics.
Some models can receive power from an internal battery while others may
be "phantom" or "remote" powered. 

Microphones are also classified
according to the way they pick up sounds from different directions. An
omnidirectional (omni) mic picks up sound equally well from all around.
A unidirectional (uni) mic picks up mainly what is directly in front of
it. The most common type of unidirectional mic is the cardioid type. It
has a broad angle of pickup in the front, and rejects sounds from behind
the mic. Supercardioid is a tighter pattern, but with more pickup from
the rear than cardioid. Hypercardioid is tighter still, with even more
pickup from the rear. Because they reject feedback, room reverb and leakage,
unidirectional mics are the most common choice for sound reinforcement.

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